Science is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding of how the physical world works (Wiki).
Well, Sociology is a Social Science that seeks to increase human understanding of how the social world works. Sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior and human association and results of social activities.
In social research, one typically follows the following process (think Scientific Method)
Defining the problem that is in need of study
Reviewing existing literature on the subject
Formulating a hypothesis
Consider the ethical issues involved
Choose a research design (survey, interview, observation, experiment, secondary analysis)
Collect and analyze data
Draw conclusions (add new insight to area of study, challenge previous knowledge, and raise new questions)
Good luck!